Hedge Funds: Actual Investor Returns Less Than Advertised

When a mutual fund or hedge fund lists their historical returns, the industry standard is to use time-weighted returns that assume you buy at the beginning of the time period and hold until the end. However, what often happens is that a fund will start out small and have great returns for a while, gradually start attracting lots of investor money, and then the subsequent returns are not so hot. Whatever special inefficiency or investment idea the fund managers had initially is either wiped out by market forces over time or simply hindered by asset bloat. In such a case, the actual returns experienced by investors is less than what is listed under fund return data, even though things like 5-year trailing returns still look quite good.

Via Abnormal Returns, Ben Lorica of The Verisi Data Studio took an academic paper by Dichev and Yu [pdf] in the Journal of Financial Economics and made a nice visualization of the hunk of data presented about hedge funds:

click to enlarge

From the paper’s conclusions:

Using a comprehensive sample, the main finding is that dollar-weighted investor returns are about 3% to 7% lower than fund returns, depending on specification and time period examined. This difference is economically large, and it is enough to reverse the conclusions of existing studies which show outperformance in hedge fund returns. In addition, the estimated dollar-weighted returns are rather modest in absolute magnitude; for example, they are reliably lower than the returns of broad-based indexes like the S&P 500 and only marginally higher than risk-free rates of return.

Most of us can’t invest in hedge funds even if we wanted to, so this is best taken as a larger lesson to be careful when chasing hot returns by any money manager. You don’t want to be the last money in. Morningstar also tracks “investor returns” (dollar-weighted) separately from “total returns” (traditional, time-weighted) in their mutual fund listings.